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Who are the Serbs? Branded by some as Europe's new Nazis, they are seen by others—and by themselves—as the innocent victims of nationalist aggression and of an implacably hostile world media. In this challenging new book, Timothy Judah, who covered the war years in former Yugoslavia for the London Times and the Economist, argues that neither is true. Exploring the Serbian nation from the great epics of its past to the battlefields of Bosnia and the backstreets of Kosovo, he sets the fate of the Serbs within the story of their past.
This wide-ranging, scholarly, and highly readable account opens with the windswept fortresses of medieval kings and a battle lost more than six centuries ago that still profoundly influences the Serbs. Judah describes the idea of "Serbdom" that sustained them during centuries of Ottoman rule, the days of glory during the First World War, and the genocide against them during the Second. He examines the tenuous ethnic balance fashioned by Tito and its unraveling after his death. And he reveals how Slobodan Milosevic, later to become president, used a version of history to drive his people to nationalist euphoria. Judah details the way Milosevic prepared for war and provides gripping eyewitness accounts of wartime horrors: the burning villages and "ethnic cleansing," the ignominy of the siege of Sarajevo, and the columns of bedraggled Serb refugees, cynically manipulated and then abandoned once the dream of a Greater Serbia was lost.
This first in-depth account of life behind Serbian lines is not an apologia but a scrupulous explanation of how the people of a modernizing European state could become among the most reviled of the century. Rejecting the stereotypical image of a bloodthirsty nation, Judah makes the Serbs comprehensible by placing them within the context of their history and their hopes.
- Sales Rank: #2416516 in Books
- Published on: 2000-08-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.08" h x 4.98" w x 7.72" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 400 pages
Amazon.com Review
The recent war in Bosnia re-ignited ancient hatreds and led to acts of brutality that echoed World War II atrocities: large-scale massacres and "ethnic cleansing". Bosnian Serbs, aided by Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic, systematically murdered, raped, and terrorized Bosnian Muslims as they strove to create a Greater Serbia. Now, journalist Tim Judah provides some perspective on the horrors of the Bosnian conflict with The Serbs. Make no mistake, Judah is not an apologist for Serbian excesses; rather, he aims to explicate the Balkans' long and violent history leading to this latest tragic conflict.
The Serbs begins with the establishment of a Serbian state in the Middle Ages, then follows Serb fortunes through ensuing centuries of conquest, conflict, and oppression. Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans is hardly unique to the Bosnian war; it has been a horrific element of all Balkan conflicts, and Judah convincingly argues that Serbian nationalism is an outgrowth of the Serbs' own sufferings as victims of ethnic cleansing in past conflicts. Anyone interested in current affairs--particularly in the Balkans--will find Tim Judah's The Serbs an engrossing and important exploration of the Bosnian conflict.
From Library Journal
Judah, a correspondent for the LondonTimes and the Economist, satisfies a critical need in the burgeoning literature of the former Yugoslavia by focusing on a single nation. Yugoslavia's destruction emerges less as an event of malicious volition than as the consequence of the "lie" of South Slav unity after World War I. This perspective combines a broad interpretation of nationalism in Serbia proper with the involvement of outside actors and the Serb diaspora. Judah is at his best in depicting the Serbs' powerful myths about their history, their post-World War II repression, and their exploitation by Slobodan Milo sevi'c. For all its detail, this is not a history of Serbia but a work of interpretation whose judgment on recent events is controversial. Neither minimizing the region's historical violence nor exculpating those responsible, the author shuns the simplistic platitudes of religous atavism for a more complex "cycle of vengeance" throughout the area. The book's scope and quality recommend it a place alongside such durable works as Ivo Banac's The National Question in Yugoslavia (1984). For all academic and larger public libraries.?Zachary T. Irwin, Pennsylvania State Univ., Erie
Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Kirkus Reviews
Stressing the Serbs' misuse and mythologizing of history, Judah offers an insightful, informed, and trenchant consideration of their history and their collective outlook. The Serbs is a stylish and highly readable account by an experienced journalist who has written for the London Times and the Economist. Its strength as a primer for a general readership lies in Judah's ability--unprecedented among recent journalistic accounts of the current Balkan wars--to make the behavior of individual Serbs and their leaders comprehensible by placing them in the context of Serbian and Balkan history. His presentation is nuanced, focused, and rich with motifs that he follows from the Middle Ages to the present: massive migrations, banditry and widespread violence, militias, ethnic cleansing, and enduring myths of religious and national identity (most importantly, those surrounding the Battle of Kosovo), among others. Significantly, Judah understands the deep and important nature of ties between Serbia and the Serbs outside the country proper, and explains the similarities and differences between the contemporary situation and the past. Especially effective are his citations from texts by eyewitnesses to events in Serbian history (the Balkan wars, rebellions against the Ottomans, WW II) that sound as if they were written yesterday. Judah's study will, of course, offend Serbs mightily. About the anti-Muslim sentiments in Njego's The Mountain Wreath (Serbia's most revered literary classic) he sensibly offers this view: ``Literature that elsewhere would have long been banned from schools is still, subconsciously or not, shaping the worldview of Serbian children.'' He also asserts that, when faced with the Bosnian question, ``many national and sane Serbs simply cease to function as such. They prefer their own long-held convictions to facts which would force them to rethink everything they hold dear.'' Judah's excellent book stands out in a cluttered field, offering the key to Serbia's behavior over the past decade. In Serbia, Judah observes, ``It is what people believe rather than what is true that matters.'' -- Copyright �1997, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
Most helpful customer reviews
83 of 100 people found the following review helpful.
Tim Judah Looks at Serbia
By Jeffrey Leach
Tim Judah is a journalist who has lived in Yugoslavia and has had plenty of time to observe that country's disintegration and the subsequent wars in Croatia and Bosnia. This book is his attempt to explain why these wars took place and what the results were to both Serbia and the rest of the former Yugoslavia.
I was a bit intimidated at first by this book. I've taken a class on Balkan history (which wasn't very good) but didn't think I was well prepared to dive into dense explanations of Serbian history. I'm much more familiar with Albanian history, which does overlap with Serb history somewhat, but not enough to make me an expert on Yugoslavia. I had no need to worry, as Mr. Judah made this book easy to follow. He keeps the information flowing and only focuses on major figures, which helps keep events in perspective. I would expect that even someone with zero knowledge of the region would be able to keep pace with this book.
Judah's main argument is that the wars in fractured Yugoslavia aren't due exclusively to nationalism, but mostly to greedy, powerful politicians that are exploiting the Serbian people to make themselves wealthy. Judah does acknowledge that the Serbian people have a long history of nationalistic tendencies, and he explains this tendency in some detail in the first part of the book. This nationalism was carried down through time by the Serbian Orthodox Church,which acted as both a preserver of culture and a bulwark during the long occupation of Serbia by the Ottoman Turks. Judah also shows how Serbian epic poetry that retold the tales of Serb martyrs Milos Obilic and Prince Lazar reinforced the idea of the Serbian people as victims who would one day receive their just rewards. Politicians such as Slobodan Milosevic and Radovan Karadzic used this victimhood to launch wars against Croatia and Bosnia. Behind the scenes, politicians, in league with mafia-type gangs, were looting the country. Judah even reveals that some Serb military officers were selling weapons to the enemy during these fierce wars.
Judah is at his best when he is describing the Bosnian Serb government in Pale during the Bosnian war. He shows how ineffective they were in conducting a war, and also how corrupt they were. He also exposes the atrocities that were committed by Serbian militias that detained Muslims in camps and carried out mass executions.
I had several problems with this book. First, Judah has a definite bias against the Serbs. Judah sees the Serbs as the major destructive force behind all of the conflicts in the region. But the Serbs weren't operating in a vacuum. Croatians and Muslims also committed atrocities and should be held in equal contempt if one wants to start throwing human rights charges about. Also, Mr. Judah doesn't seem to grasp the concept of war very well. War is an ugly thing, and atrocities are always committed by everyone involved. That's why it's called war. Also, war profiteering always occurs during a conflict. The Serbs by no means have a lock on this particular bit of unpleasant behavior. To try and paint them as such is irreponsible, in my opinion. Also, Judah heaps much scorn on Sonja Karadzic. Judah says that she hurt the Bosnian Serb cause by refusing journalists access to areas the journalists wanted to see. This is an error. Sonja didn't hurt the cause. The journalists did. This is a standard media trick. When the media doesn't get what they want, they throw a fit and the next thing you know, they start smearing people. In the final analysis, it's important to remember that the vast majority of Serbs only want to live and raise their families like everyone else. If anything, Judah proves the old truth that it is always politicians that start wars, and it is the people who suffer from them. Finally, I wish this book had better maps! The ones that are included aren't sufficient. Hopefully, future reprints will repair this deficiency.
I really shouldn't bash the book too much, though. It inspired me enough to go out and by a biography on Tito. I'd also like to read Judah's book on Kosova. I recommend this book for its reader friendly, if somewhat misguided, introduction to Serbia and her wonderful people.
100 of 125 people found the following review helpful.
Rehashing typical Western illusions without any evidence....
By A Customer
Judah's little polemic would lead us to believe that Serbs are genocidal mythomaniac Orthodox zealots. This has required a lot of historical revisionism and tailoring bits and pieces to fit a pre-set biased agenda: the Serbs are to be blamed for the Balkan wars of the 1990s and much of the past history and their martyrdom complex stemming from historical delusions and myths allowed them to be manipulated to genocide by a tawdry dictator, the ubiquitous Milosevic. Unfortunately, this sort of reasoning does not suit a historian but a simpleton.
The national consciousness is an average of the individual feelings of each member of the nation. What is obvious at once is that when most Serbs think of Serbian victimhood or martyrdom, practically no-one thinks of Prince Lazar and the battle of Kosovo, not even the Kosovo Serbs. This event is not even embraced as merely a symbol of greater Serbian victimhood. A Serbian sense of victimhood inherent in most but not all Serbs is not a function of epics and myths, as Judah and many in the West have been claiming: rather, it is a function of the personal experiences of that particular Serb.
What do I mean by this? When my grandfather thinks of Serbian victimhood, he recalls how in WWI, when he was 5 years old, Bulgarian troops entered his village and tried to execute the entire village. He was barely saved by 2 Serbian generals in the Austrian army, but then the Bulgarians came back later, raped and killed his aunt, burned down the entire village, and massacred all those Serbian civilians who had not fled, dumping their bodies in the Morava. Or he might think of how, during WWII, he personally witnessed Hungarians tossing Serbs and Jews into the freezing Tisza and Danube to drown them. What does my grandmother recall when considering Serbian victimhood? She remembers hundreds of Serbian refugees flocking to her village, fleeing from the Ustasa genocide during WWII, or how in the 1960s, hundreds more were fleeing from the Kosovo Albanian repression, or how the Germans collected 7000 Serbian men, women, and children in the nearby town of Kragujevac in 1941 and executed them because of the death of a few German officers. And finally, what does my father think of? He thinks of how his mother's friend saw at the age of 6 Croatian and Moslem Ustase burn her entire family alive in the local Serbian Orthodox church; or he thinks of how his best friend was abducted in 1992 by Sarajevo Moslems, forced into a Moslem-run camp, and killed.
I could say so much more, but Judah's thesis completely crumbles in light of these facts. These are not myths or fairytales. These are family members and friends murdered because they were Serbs, whether by burning or drowning or execution or being raped and killed; most of some 10,000,000 Serbs have similar stories to tell. No one, absolutely no one today, is thinking of the long list of other Serbian suffering in history: the Kosovo battle, the Western Crusades, the Turkish oppression, the Austrian oppression, the Serbs fleeing Kosovo under Patriarch Arsenije, forced conversion to Islam and the Uniate church, etc. And most don't even consider events that don't impact them personally (Kosovo Serbs are not very likely to think about Krajina when considering national victimhood). They think of what happened 10 or 50 or 80 years ago and that makes them consider themselves and their people victims. Are they wrong? Sadly, they're not, and no writer, least of all a biased creature like Judah, can distort history to such an extent as to reverse these personal losses. Serbian victimhood is real, it is not a myth, nor is it based on myths. It is based on personal experience, whether it be WWI, or Jasenovac and Stara Gradiska, or Krajina, or Kosovo or any one of a myriad of instances of Serbian suffering in history, and the national consciousness is merely the mean of these perceptions.
And lastly, I do not think the Serbs are at all obsessed with their victimhood compared to other national victims of genocide. Armenians have a day of remembrance, April 24, a memorial in Yerevan, and are actively demanding Turkish recognition. Jews have an extensive museum, Yad Vashem, which all foreign dignitaries see; they also have the Holocaust museum in Washington D.C., and numerous books and movies about their tragedy. This is all as it should be. But the Serbs have no remembrance day, no monument to the victims of WWII in Belgrade, no Serbian genocide museum, and their tragedy is not even mentioned in a standard American textbook or history book. Instead, the Serbs intermarried with their former oppressors the Croats and Moslems and lived in harmony until 10 years ago. No, this is not at all a people suffering from an obsession.........rather, it is one that all too soon forgets its tragedies and suffers for this forgetfulness.
12 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Important book, but somewhat biased against the Serbs
By Aviv Dagan
The books starts with the standard history of the Serbs, from ancient times to the Yugoslavia wars. As the time goes by, Judah takes an increasingly hostile opinion of the Serbs and their leaders.
So while the first parts are important and interesting stuff that is not much written about outside Europe, the later parts look like the Usual Serb Bashing writings.
From the book, you could think that Serbia during the 90's was only murderers, thieves and criminals.
The author laments that unlike the Bosnians and the Croats, the Serbs didn't greatly publicize their suffering, and that had a cost at the PR war. Well, unfortunately his research does nothing to compensate for this,as he didn't try to hard to present the Serbian suffering.
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